{"id":4764,"date":"2026-08-28T15:21:37","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T15:21:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dogramacibiesel.com\/?page_id=4764"},"modified":"2026-10-06T03:08:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T03:08:08","slug":"almanyada-yasayan-turkler-icin-bosanma-davasi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dogramacibiesel.com\/tr\/almanyada-yasayan-turkler-icin-bosanma-davasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Almanya\u2019da Ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler \u0130\u00e7in Bo\u015fanma: E\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deyse Dava Nerede A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Almanya\u2019da Ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler \u0130\u00e7in Bo\u015fanma: E\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deyse Dava Nerede A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"bo\u015fanma.\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Almanya\u2019da ya\u015fayan bir T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 bo\u015fanmak istedi\u011finde ilk akla gelen yol \u00e7o\u011fu zaman konsoloslu\u011fa giderek T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir avukata vek\u00e2let vermek ve bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de a\u00e7makt\u0131r.<\/p>

Bu elbette m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. Ancak her zaman tek se\u00e7enek de\u011fildir.<\/p>

E\u015flerden biri Almanya\u2019da, di\u011feri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yorsa, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n Almanya\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/strong> Hatta ortak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n Almanya\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, taraflardan birinin hayat merkezinin uzun s\u00fcredir Almanya\u2019da bulundu\u011fu veya \u00e7ocuklarla ilgili ayr\u0131ca velayet ve koruma tedbirlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken baz\u0131 durumlarda Almanya\u2019da dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 daha uygun bir se\u00e7enek haline gelebilir.<\/p>

Bu nedenle uluslararas\u0131 nitelikli bir bo\u015fanma dosyas\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca \u201cT\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131y\u0131m, o halde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bo\u015fanmal\u0131y\u0131m\u201d \u015feklinde hareket etmek yerine \u00f6nce birka\u00e7 ayr\u0131 sorunun cevapland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/p>

Hangi \u00fclkenin mahkemeleri yetkili?<\/strong>
Bo\u015fanmaya hangi \u00fclkenin hukuku uygulanacak?<\/strong>
\u00c7ocuklar varsa velayet hangi \u00fclkede g\u00f6r\u00fclecek?<\/strong>
Nafaka veya koruma tedbirleri nerede talep edilecek?<\/strong>
Verilen karar di\u011fer \u00fclkede nas\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcm do\u011furacak?<\/strong><\/p>

Bu sorular\u0131n cevaplar\u0131 her zaman ayn\u0131 \u00fclkeyi g\u00f6stermeyebilir.<\/p>

E\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yorsa Almanya\u2019da bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131labilir mi?<\/h2>

Belirli \u015fartlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde evet.<\/p>

Alman mahkemelerinin bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131ndaki milletleraras\u0131 yetkisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan temel d\u00fczenlemelerden biri, 2019\/1111 say\u0131l\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong>, yayg\u0131n ad\u0131yla Br\u00fcksel IIb T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong>d\u00fcr.<\/p>

T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 3. maddesi bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131nda birden fazla yetki ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Bunlardan \u00f6zellikle Almanya\u2019da tek ba\u015f\u0131na ya\u015fayan ki\u015filer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olan kurallardan biri \u015fudur:<\/p>

Br\u00fcksel IIb T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 3. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yetki sebeplerinden birine g\u00f6re, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7acak e\u015fin ba\u015fvurudan hemen \u00f6nce en az bir y\u0131ld\u0131r Almanya\u2019da mutad mesken sahibi olmas\u0131, Alman mahkemelerinin milletleraras\u0131 yetkisinin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/strong><\/p>

Daval\u0131 e\u015fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de veya ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkede ya\u015famas\u0131 bunu tek ba\u015f\u0131na engellemez.<\/p>

Davay\u0131 a\u00e7acak ki\u015finin Alman vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmas\u0131 halinde ise farkl\u0131 bir ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur: Ki\u015finin Almanya\u2019da mutad mesken sahibi olmas\u0131 ve ba\u015fvurudan \u00f6nce en az alt\u0131 ayd\u0131r<\/strong> burada bulunmas\u0131 yeterli olabilir.<\/p>

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k \u00f6nemlidir; fakat \u201cAlman vatanda\u015f\u0131 olmayan biri Almanya\u2019da bo\u015fanamaz\u201d \u015feklinde bir kural yoktur.<\/p>

\u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrk veya ba\u015fka bir \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclke vatanda\u015f\u0131, gerekli mutad mesken \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yorsa bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n Alman mahkemelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>

Mutad mesken ne demektir?<\/h2>

Burada \u00f6zellikle \u201cmutad mesken\u201d kavram\u0131na dikkat etmek gerekir.<\/p>

Mutad mesken, ki\u015finin yaln\u0131zca n\u00fcfus veya belediye kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda hangi adreste g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anlam\u0131na gelmez. Ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131n fiilen nerede yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

Ne kadar s\u00fcredir o \u00fclkede ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n\u0131 nerede s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, aile ve sosyal ili\u015fkileri, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n okul veya kre\u015f durumu ve ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer somut ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yabilir.<\/p>

Bu nedenle \u00f6rne\u011fin iki y\u0131ld\u0131r Almanya\u2019da ya\u015fayan, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 burada okula ve kre\u015fe devam eden ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 burada s\u00fcrd\u00fcren bir ki\u015finin Almanya ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir adres kayd\u0131ndan ibaret de\u011fildir.<\/p>

Peki ki\u015finin oturum izni yoksa veya Duldung sahibi ise?<\/h3>

Bu noktada \u201coturum hakk\u0131\u201d ile \u201cmutad mesken\u201d kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n birbirine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

Bir ki\u015finin Almanya\u2019da hangi yabanc\u0131lar hukuku stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip oldu\u011fu ile aile hukuku bak\u0131m\u0131ndan mutad meskeninin nerede bulundu\u011fu ayn\u0131 hukuki soru de\u011fildir.<\/p>

Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rne\u011fin ki\u015finin Alman vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip olmamas\u0131 veya Almanya\u2019da s\u00fcresiz oturum izninin bulunmamas\u0131, tek ba\u015f\u0131na Alman aile mahkemelerinin yetkisini ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.<\/p>

Bununla birlikte \u00f6zellikle Duldung<\/strong>, devam eden iltica s\u00fcreci veya s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 edilme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi durumlarda ki\u015finin Almanya\u2019daki kal\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n niteli\u011fi ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmelidir. Mutad mesken her somut olay\u0131n \u00f6zellikleri dikkate al\u0131narak belirlenen hukuki bir kavramd\u0131r.<\/p>

Bu nedenle bu t\u00fcr dosyalarda yaln\u0131zca ki\u015finin elindeki oturum belgesine bakarak \u201cAlmanya\u2019da dava a\u00e7\u0131labilir\u201d veya \u201ca\u00e7\u0131lamaz\u201d \u015feklinde otomatik bir sonuca varmak do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>

Almanya\u2019da dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 Alman hukukunun uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir mi?<\/h2>

Hay\u0131r.<\/p>

Uluslararas\u0131 bo\u015fanma dosyalar\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli ayr\u0131mlardan biri budur.<\/p>

\u201cHangi \u00fclkenin mahkemesi davaya bakacak?\u201d<\/strong> ile \u201cBu mahkeme hangi \u00fclkenin hukukunu uygulayacak?\u201d<\/strong> iki ayr\u0131 hukuki sorudur.<\/p>

Alman mahkemesinin bo\u015fanma davas\u0131na bakmaya yetkili olmas\u0131, bo\u015fanman\u0131n mutlaka Alman hukukuna g\u00f6re ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>

Bo\u015fanmaya uygulanacak hukuk Almanya bak\u0131m\u0131ndan esas olarak 1259\/2010 say\u0131l\u0131 Rome III T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong> \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde belirlenir.<\/p>

Taraflar ge\u00e7erli bir hukuk se\u00e7imi yapmam\u0131\u015flarsa T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn 8. maddesi belirli bir s\u0131ralama \u00f6ng\u00f6rmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re s\u0131ras\u0131yla e\u015flerin:<\/p>

  • dava tarihindeki ortak mutad meskeni,<\/li>
  • belirli \u015fartlarla son ortak mutad meskeni,<\/li>
  • ortak vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131,<\/li>
  • ve bunlar\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 halinde davan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fclkenin hukuku<\/li><\/ul>

    de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>

    Bu nedenle \u00f6rne\u011fin her iki e\u015fin de T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu baz\u0131 dosyalarda Alman mahkemesinin T\u00fcrk Medeni Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini uygulayarak bo\u015fanmaya karar vermesi<\/strong> m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>

    Yani kula\u011fa ilk bak\u0131\u015fta \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 gelebilecek \u015fu kombinasyon ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir:<\/p>

    Dava Almanya\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, ancak bo\u015fanman\u0131n esas\u0131na T\u00fcrk hukuku uygulan\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>

    \u00d6zellikle taraflardan birinin birden fazla vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmas\u0131, e\u015flerin daha \u00f6nce ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 vatanda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olmas\u0131 halinde uygulanacak hukukun ayr\u0131ca incelenmesi gerekir.<\/p>

    Bu nedenle \u201cikimiz de T\u00fcrk\u00fcz, kesin T\u00fcrk hukuku uygulan\u0131r\u201d \u015feklinde genel bir sonuca varmak da do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de mi, Almanya\u2019da m\u0131 bo\u015fanmak daha do\u011fru?<\/h2>

    Uluslararas\u0131 bo\u015fanma dosyalar\u0131nda as\u0131l soru \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u201cDava nerede a\u00e7\u0131labilir?\u201d de\u011fil, \u201cMevcut se\u00e7enekler aras\u0131nda bu aile i\u00e7in hangi yol daha uygun?\u201d<\/strong> sorusudur.<\/p>

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan e\u015fe tebligat yap\u0131lmas\u0131, delillerin veya malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle baz\u0131 dosyalarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 daha pratik olabilir.<\/p>

    Ancak bo\u015fanmak isteyen e\u015fin hayat merkezi Almanya\u2019daysa ve \u00f6zellikle ortak \u00e7ocuklar da Almanya\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yorsa tablo de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>

    \u00d6rne\u011fin anne veya baba \u00e7ocuklarla birlikte uzun s\u00fcredir Almanya\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yor, \u00e7ocuklar burada okula veya kre\u015fe gidiyor ve di\u011fer e\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunuyorsa yaln\u0131zca bo\u015fanman\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 dosyan\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeyebilir.<\/p>

    Bo\u015fanma T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devam ederken \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n nerede ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 veya \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi gibi konularda Almanya\u2019da ayr\u0131ca i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir.<\/p>

    B\u00f6yle bir durumda ayn\u0131 aile bak\u0131m\u0131ndan T\u00fcrkiye ve Almanya\u2019da birbirine paralel hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>

    Bu nedenle T\u00fcrkiye\u2013Almanya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 bir bo\u015fanma dosyas\u0131nda, dava a\u00e7\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce her iki \u00fclkedeki hukuki se\u00e7eneklerin birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/strong><\/p>

    Bazen m\u00fcvekkilin ilk d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u015f\u00f6yle olabilir:<\/p>

    \u201cBen T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131y\u0131m. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir avukata vek\u00e2letname g\u00f6ndereyim ve bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 orada a\u00e7al\u0131m.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>

    Bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>

    Ancak dosya T\u00fcrkiye\u2013Almanya ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131ysa, bundan \u00f6nce \u015fu sorunun sorulmas\u0131 faydal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>

    \u201cBu bo\u015fanmay\u0131 Almanya\u2019da y\u00fcr\u00fctmek benim i\u00e7in daha uygun olabilir mi?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>

    Bu sorunun cevab\u0131 ancak e\u015flerin ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015fam yerleri, vatanda\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, uygulanacak hukuk, velayet, nafaka, malvarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tebligat ve di\u011fer hukuki sonu\u00e7lar birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde verilebilir.<\/p>

    \u00d6nemli:<\/strong> Almanya\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yor olman\u0131z, bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 mutlaka Almanya\u2019da a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fi gibi; T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olman\u0131z da davan\u0131n mutlaka T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez. Uluslararas\u0131 bo\u015fanma dosyalar\u0131nda mevcut forum se\u00e7eneklerinin ve bunlar\u0131n velayet, nafaka ve uygulanacak hukuk \u00fczerindeki sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/p><\/blockquote>

    \u00c7ocuklar Almanya\u2019da ya\u015f\u0131yorsa velayet hangi \u00fclkede g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/h2>

    Bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n nerede g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti konusunda hangi mahkemelerin yetkili oldu\u011fu yine birbirinden ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>

    Velayet ve di\u011fer ebeveyn sorumlulu\u011fu meselelerinde temel ba\u011flant\u0131 noktas\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00e7ocu\u011fun vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fil, \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad meskenidir<\/strong>.<\/p>

    \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n fiil\u00ee ya\u015fam merkezi Almanya\u2019daysa, okullar\u0131 veya kre\u015fleri burada bulunuyorsa ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131 burada s\u00fcr\u00fcyorsa \u00e7ocuklara ili\u015fkin uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda Alman mahkemelerinin yetkisi g\u00fcndeme gelir.<\/p>

    Bu konuda Br\u00fcksel IIb T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile birlikte, uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde 1996 tarihli Lahey \u00c7ocuk Koruma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong> de \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>

    S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7ocu\u011fun mutad meskeninin bulundu\u011fu \u00fclkenin makamlar\u0131na yetki tan\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Yetkili makam, 1996 Lahey \u00c7ocuk Koruma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 15. maddesi uyar\u0131nca kural olarak kendi hukukunu uygular.<\/strong><\/p>

    Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uygulamada \u015fu sonu\u00e7 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir:<\/p>

    Bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131 Alman mahkemesi g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve bo\u015fanmaya T\u00fcrk hukukunu uygular; buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n velayeti konusunda Alman mahkemesi Alman hukukunu uygular.<\/strong><\/p>

    Bu ayr\u0131m \u00f6zellikle Almanya\u2013T\u00fcrkiye ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 aile hukukunda son derece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>

    Di\u011fer ebeveyn \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcrmekle tehdit ediyorsa ne yap\u0131labilir?<\/h2>

    \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesine ili\u015fkin ciddi bir risk s\u00f6z konusuysa bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu beklemek her zaman uygun de\u011fildir.<\/p>

    Bir ebeveynin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 di\u011fer ebeveynin r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n Almanya\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131 veya T\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye g\u00f6t\u00fcrece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde somut bir risk varsa, Alman aile mahkemesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00e7ocuklara ili\u015fkin acil tedbirlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 g\u00fcndeme gelebilir.<\/p>

    Somut olay\u0131n niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocu\u011fun nerede ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131na karar verme yetkisi olan Aufenthaltsbestimmungsrecht<\/strong> konusunda d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00e7ocu\u011fun yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik mahkeme tedbirlerinin talep edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/p>

    Burada yaln\u0131zca soyut bir endi\u015fe ile ger\u00e7ekten mevcut olan ka\u00e7\u0131rma veya yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karma riski birbirinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>

    Mesajlar, a\u00e7\u0131k tehditler, ge\u00e7mi\u015f davran\u0131\u015flar, bilet veya seyahat haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131, pasaportlar\u0131n kimde bulundu\u011fu ve di\u011fer somut emareler de\u011ferlendirmede \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yabilir.<\/p>

    \u00c7ocu\u011fun g\u00fcvenli\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan acil bir durum varsa konu ayr\u0131ca einstweilige Anordnung<\/strong>, yani ge\u00e7ici hukuki koruma kapsam\u0131nda ele al\u0131nabilir.<\/p>

    Tehdit veya \u015fiddet varsa Almanya\u2019da koruma tedbiri al\u0131nabilir mi?<\/h2>

    E\u015flerden birinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmas\u0131, Almanya\u2019da ya\u015fayan ki\u015finin tehdit veya \u015fiddete kar\u015f\u0131 burada hukuki koruma talep edemeyece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>

    Alman Gewaltschutzgesetz<\/strong> d\u00fczenlemeleri yaln\u0131zca ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f fiziksel \u015fiddeti de\u011fil; hayat, beden, sa\u011fl\u0131k veya \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe y\u00f6nelik ciddi ve hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 tehditleri de kapsayabilir.<\/p>

    Somut \u015fartlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde mahkeme kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n ma\u011fdurla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131, kendisine yakla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 veya belirli yollarla temas etmesini yasaklayan tedbirler verebilir.<\/p>

    Kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131 halinde ise hem mahkemenin milletleraras\u0131 ve yer itibar\u0131yla yetkisi hem de verilecek karar\u0131n pratik etkileri ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>

    Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan bir e\u015f taraf\u0131ndan Almanya\u2019daki di\u011fer e\u015fe telefon, WhatsApp veya ba\u015fka ileti\u015fim ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00fczerinden \u00f6l\u00fcm veya \u015fiddet tehdidinde bulunulmas\u0131 halinde, s\u0131rf tehdit eden ki\u015fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Almanya\u2019da hi\u00e7bir hukuki imk\u00e2n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 varsaymak do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>

    Nafaka da otomatik olarak bo\u015fanmayla ayn\u0131 hukuka m\u0131 tabi olur?<\/h2>

    Hay\u0131r.<\/p>

    Uluslararas\u0131 dosyalarda nafaka da ayr\u0131ca incelenmesi gereken bir konudur.<\/p>

    E\u015f nafakas\u0131 ile \u00e7ocuk nafakas\u0131 farkl\u0131 hukuki temellere sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca nafaka bak\u0131m\u0131ndan milletleraras\u0131 yetki ve uygulanacak hukuk konusunda bo\u015fanmaya ili\u015fkin Rome III kurallar\u0131 do\u011frudan uygulanmaz.<\/p>

    Bu nedenle bo\u015fanma davas\u0131n\u0131n Almanya\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn mali taleplerin otomatik olarak Alman hukukuna tabi olaca\u011f\u0131 veya mutlaka ayn\u0131 mahkemede g\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>

    Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde mal rejiminin tasfiyesi veya tazminat talepleri de ayr\u0131ca hukuki de\u011ferlendirme gerektirebilir.<\/p>

    T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan e\u015fe dava nas\u0131l tebli\u011f edilir?<\/h2>

    Almanya\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lan bo\u015fanma davas\u0131nda di\u011fer e\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015f\u0131yorsa dava evrak\u0131n\u0131n kendisine uluslararas\u0131 tebligat kurallar\u0131na uygun bi\u00e7imde ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

    Bu durum Almanya\u2019da dava a\u00e7\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>

    Ancak yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkeye yap\u0131lacak tebligat nedeniyle s\u00fcre\u00e7 Almanya i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lan standart bir tebligata g\u00f6re daha uzun s\u00fcrebilir. Gerekli belgelerin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve gerekti\u011finde terc\u00fcmelerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>

    Bu nedenle kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00fcncel adresinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca do\u011fru \u015fekilde tespit edilmesi dosyan\u0131n ilerleyi\u015fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>

    Almanya\u2019da verilen bo\u015fanma karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de tan\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir mi?<\/h2>

    Bu konuda ge\u00e7mi\u015fe k\u0131yasla \u00f6nemli bir kolayl\u0131k bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>

    Eskiden yabanc\u0131 bir mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan verilen bo\u015fanma karar\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131nda sonu\u00e7 do\u011furabilmesi i\u00e7in uygulamada \u00e7o\u011funlukla T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ayr\u0131ca bir tan\u0131ma davas\u0131<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>

    Ancak bug\u00fcn her yabanc\u0131 bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 i\u00e7in mutlaka mahkemede tan\u0131ma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmemektedir.<\/p>

    5490 say\u0131l\u0131 N\u00fcfus Hizmetleri Kanunu\u2019nun 27\/A maddesi<\/strong>, yabanc\u0131 \u00fclke adli veya idari makamlar\u0131nca verilen bo\u015fanma ve baz\u0131 di\u011fer medeni h\u00e2l kararlar\u0131n\u0131n belirli \u015fartlarla do\u011frudan n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne tescil edilmesine imk\u00e2n tan\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>

    Bu d\u00fczenleme ilk olarak 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda T\u00fcrk hukukuna girmi\u015f, daha sonra kanunla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda kapsam\u0131 baz\u0131 y\u00f6nlerden de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>

    \u015eartlar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde Almanya\u2019da kesinle\u015fmi\u015f bir bo\u015fanma karar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ayr\u0131ca klasik anlamda bir tan\u0131ma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmadan n\u00fcfus k\u00fct\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne tescil<\/strong> ettirilebilir.<\/p>

    Ba\u015fvuru T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yetkili n\u00fcfus m\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fcklerine yap\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi, yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yetkili T\u00fcrk d\u0131\u015f temsilcilikleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>

    Ancak burada \u00f6nemli bir ayr\u0131m vard\u0131r:<\/p>

    27\/A kapsam\u0131ndaki tescil, esas itibar\u0131yla bo\u015fanman\u0131n medeni h\u00e2l bak\u0131m\u0131ndan n\u00fcfus kay\u0131tlar\u0131na ge\u00e7irilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/strong><\/p>

    Yabanc\u0131 kararda yer alan velayet, nafaka, tazminat veya ba\u015fka h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de icras\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda, bunlar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca tan\u0131ma veya tenfiz gerekip gerekmedi\u011fi incelenmelidir.<\/p>

    Ayr\u0131ca 27\/A\u2019da \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fartlar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmemesi veya tescil ba\u015fvurusunun reddedilmesi halinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 5718 say\u0131l\u0131 Milletleraras\u0131 \u00d6zel Hukuk ve Usul Hukuku Hakk\u0131nda Kanun<\/strong> kapsam\u0131nda tan\u0131ma ve gerekti\u011finde tenfiz yoluna ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>

    Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Almanya\u2019da bo\u015fanma karar\u0131 verildikten sonra dosyan\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca kontrol edilmesi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>

    \u00d6zetle<\/h2>

    E\u015flerden birinin Almanya\u2019da, di\u011ferinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015fanmalarda yaln\u0131zca T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131larak \u201cdava T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d sonucuna var\u0131lamaz.<\/p>

    Baz\u0131 durumlarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bo\u015fanma davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 uygun olabilir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda ise Almanya\u2019da bo\u015fanma s\u00fcrecinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerek hukuki gerek pratik a\u00e7\u0131dan daha avantajl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>

    \u00d6zellikle bo\u015fanmak isteyen e\u015fin uzun s\u00fcredir Almanya\u2019da ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ortak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hayat merkezinin de Almanya\u2019da bulundu\u011fu dosyalarda, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de dava a\u00e7madan \u00f6nce Almanya\u2019daki se\u00e7ene\u011fin de de\u011ferlendirilmesi<\/strong> \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>

    \u00dcstelik Alman mahkemesinin yetkili olmas\u0131, mutlaka Alman hukukunun uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Dosyan\u0131n ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re Alman mahkemesi bo\u015fanman\u0131n esas\u0131na T\u00fcrk hukukunu uygulayabilirken, \u00e7ocuklara ili\u015fkin velayet ve koruma meselelerinde Alman hukuku uygulanabilir.<\/p>

    Uluslararas\u0131 aile hukukunda do\u011fru strateji bu nedenle yaln\u0131zca \u201cdavay\u0131 hangi \u00fclkede a\u00e7abiliriz?\u201d sorusuna cevap vermekten ibaret de\u011fildir.<\/p>

    As\u0131l de\u011ferlendirilmesi gereken soru \u015fudur:<\/p>

    Taraflar\u0131n ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n mevcut ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hangi hukuki yol dosyan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc daha do\u011fru \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zecektir?<\/strong><\/p>

    Hukuki Bilgilendirme<\/h3>

    Bu makale genel bilgilendirme amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve hukuki dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k niteli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131maz. Uluslararas\u0131 aile hukuku uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131nda mahkemelerin yetkisi, uygulanacak hukuk ve izlenecek usul; taraflar\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, mutad meskeni, oturum stat\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00f6nceki ortak ya\u015fam yerleri, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n durumu ve di\u011fer somut ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/small><\/p>

    \u00d6zellikle birden fazla vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n, Duldung veya devam eden iltica s\u00fcrecinin, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerde paralel davalar\u0131n ya da \u00e7ocuklara ili\u015fkin acil koruma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu durumlarda her dosyan\u0131n kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ayr\u0131ca de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekir.<\/small><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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    <\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Almanya\u2019da Ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler \u0130\u00e7in Bo\u015fanma: E\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deyse Dava Nerede A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r? \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4764","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nAlmanya\u2019da Ya\u015fayan T\u00fcrkler \u0130\u00e7in Bo\u015fanma: E\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deyse Dava Nerede A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r? 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